 | This study provides explicit mathematical formulations for the bi-static scattering coefficient from a randomly rough surface with a complex relative permittivity based on the following analytic models: Small perturbation model (SPM), Physical optics model (PO), and Kirchhoff approximation model (KA). Then it addresses the two shortcomings associated with each of the three models: i) limited applicability domain, and ii) null predicted values for the cross-polarized bi-static scattering coefficients within plane of incidence. The plane of incidence contains both backscattering direction and forward (specular reflection) direction which are of interest to the spectrum community. |
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