�1���� Introduction
to EMF��������������
������� 1.1���� The electromagnetic spectrum�������������
������� 1.2���� What is an electromagnetic field (EMF)?����������
������� 1.3���� What is a radio frequency (RF) electromagnetic field?
������� 1.4���� What is ionizing radiation?�����
������� 1.5���� What is non-ionizing radiation?������������
�2���� Overview of EMF and health�������������
������� 2.1���� WHO International EMF Project�����������
������� 2.2���� Information on mobile phones and health�������
������� 2.3���� Information on base stations and health����������
������� 2.4���� Information on 5G and health
������� 2.5���� Information on human exposure guidelines���
������� 2.6���� Research on EMF and health�
������� 2.7���� Effects of EMF��������������
������� 2.8���� International Agency for Research on Cancer�
�3���� Mobile phones and base stations����
������� 3.1���� How mobile phones and wireless devices work�������������
������� 3.2���� The generations of mobile communication������
������� 3.3���� Towers and antennas
������� 3.4���� Does the power of a base station vary?�������������
������� 3.5���� Mobile phone power transmitters������
�4���� Mobile phones, SAR and power density�������
������� 4.1���� What is SAR?
������� 4.2���� What is 'power density'?���������
������� 4.3���� Factors affecting RF-EMF exposure from mobile devices�����������
������� 4.4���� How important is the SAR value?���������
������� 4.5���� How SAR is measured for devices��������
������� 4.6���� Does SAR vary between mobile phones?���������
������ �4.7���� Are low SAR mobile phones safer?������
������� 4.8���� Finding the compliance information for your mobile���
�5���� Relevant EMF guidelines and standards�������
������� 5.1���� Human EMF exposure guidelines��������
������� 5.2���� Safety factors
������� 5.3���� ITU standards and guidelines�
������� 5.4���� IEC standards
������� 5.5���� IEEE standards�������������
�6���� Mobile phones and EMF FAQ������������
������� 6.1���� What are the health risks associated with mobile phones and
their base stations?���������
������� 6.2���� Do mobile phones emit radiation?������
������� 6.3���� How much power does a mobile phone transmit?��������
������� 6.4���� How does adaptive power control work?���������
������� 6.5���� Does the EMF from my mobile vary?��
������� 6.6���� What are exposure levels from mobile phones?�����������
������� 6.7���� What is the typical power of a mobile phone?
������� 6.8���� How can I reduce exposure from my mobile?�
������� 6.9���� Do mobile phone shields reduce exposure?����
������ 6.10���� Do mobiles radiate less EMF when close to a base station?�����
������ 6.11���� Do mobiles have less EMF when the signal display has full bars?�����������
������ 6.12���� Does texting have lower exposure compared to calls?���������������
������ 6.13���� Are we at a high risk of EMF exposure when using mobile phones
inside high speed transportation?����
������ 6.14���� Is using a mobile phone in the car or at home safer because
these constitute a barrier to radiation?����
������ 6.15���� Are children more vulnerable to the EMF from mobile phones than
adults?����
�7���� Base stations and EMF FAQ
������� 7.1���� What are the EMF levels around base stations?������������
������� 7.2���� Is it safe to live near a base station, or to locate base
stations near schools?�����
������� 7.3���� Do more base stations reduce EMF?��
������� 7.4���� Is it safe to locate base stations on hospitals?
������� 7.5���� Are there restricted areas in front of base station antennas?��
�8���� EMF exposure limits FAQ����
������� 8.1���� Who sets the EMF human exposure limits and standards?��������
������� 8.2���� Is there a safety margin built into the human exposure limits?
������� 8.3���� Are children and pregnant women protected by the safety
standard?�
������� 8.4���� Are people with electronic implants protected by the safety
standard?��������������
�9���� EMF myths FAQ������
������� 9.1���� Is it possible to cook an egg or grains of corn using a mobile
phone?���
������� 9.2���� Is the power output of a mobile phone enough to make the brain
boil?��������������
������� 9.3���� Does use of a mobile phone attract lightning?
������� 9.4���� Can a mobile phone cause a gas station to catch fire?�
10���� ITU EMF resources
11���� Additional EMF resources�
������ 11.1���� WHO resources���������
����� Page
������ 11.2���� ICNIRP resources������
������ 11.3���� National government resources���������
������ 11.4���� Non-government organizations����������
������ 11.5���� General resources����
12���� About this Guide on electromagnetic fields and health����