CONTENTS

�1���� Introduction������
�2���� Wave-hop propagation theory�����
������� 2.1���� General description
������� 2.2���� Calculating the ray-path field strength���������
������� 2.3���� Numerical method for calculating resultant field strength and phase��
�3���� Calculating field strength by waveguide modes: full wave solution��
������� 3.1���� The ionospheric reflection matrix, R(θ)�����
������� 3.2���� The ground reflection matrix, (θ)����������
������� 3.3���� The mode finding method (�MODESRCH�)�����������
�4���� Calculation of field strength����������
������� 4.1���� Required parameters����������
������� 4.2���� WKB and horizontally homogeneous mode sums����
������� 4.3���� Mode sums using mode conversion
������� 4.4���� Ionospheric parameters������
������� 4.5���� Geomagnetic and geophysical parameters���
�5���� Discussion��
Annex� 1 - Example of a complete calculation of field in amplitude and phase using the wave‑hop method of � 2����
Annex 2 - Accuracy of the methods����
Annex� 3 - Some example calculations using the waveguide mode method����