Annex 1
�1���� Introduction
�2���� Basic concepts
������� 2.1���� Fresnel ellipsoids and Fresnel
zones
������� 2.2���� Penumbra width
������� 2.3���� Diffraction zone
������� 2.4���� Obstacle surface smoothness
criterion
������� 2.5���� Isolated obstacle
������� 2.6���� Types of terrain
������� 2.7���� Fresnel integrals
�3���� Diffraction over a spherical Earth
������� 3.1���� Diffraction loss for
over-the-horizon paths
�������������� ���3.1.1���� Numerical
calculation
����������������� 3.1.2���� Calculation by
nomograms
������� 3.2���� Diffraction loss for any
distance at 10 MHz and above
�4���� Diffraction over isolated obstacles
������� 4.1���� Single knife-edge obstacle
������� 4.2 ����Single rounded obstacle
������� 4.3���� Double isolated edges
������� 4.4���� Multiple isolated obstacles
����������������� 4.4.1���� Cascaded cylinder
method
����������������� 4.4.2 �����Cascaded knife edge
method
�5���� Diffraction by thin screens
� �����5.1 �����Finite-width screen
������� 5.2���� Diffraction by rectangular
apertures and composite apertures or screens
����������������� 5.2.1���� Diffraction by a
single rectangular aperture
����������������� 5.2.2���� Diffraction by
composite apertures or screens
�6���� Diffraction over a finitely conducting
wedge
�7���� Guide to propagation by diffraction
Appendix 1 to Annex 1� Calculation of cylinder parameters
�1���� Diffraction angle and position of vertex
�2���� Cylinder parameters
Appendix 2 to Annex 1� Sub-path diffraction losses
�1���� Introduction
�2���� Method