Policy on Intellectual Property Right (IPR)
Annex 1� Technical and operational aspects of ground-based
meteorological radars
�1���� Introduction
�2���� Overview
������� 2.1���� Radar equation for
single target
������� 2.2���� Meteorological radar
equation
�3���� General meteorological radars
principles
������� 3.1���� Example of
meteorological radar operation in the frequency band 2.7-2.9 GHz
����������������� 3.1.1���� Precipitation
estimation
Example of meteorological radar operation in the frequency
band 5.6-5.65 GHz
����������������� 3.1.2���� Precipitation
measurements principle
������� 3.2���� Wind measurements
principle
������� 3.3���� Example of
meteorological radar operation in portions of the frequency range 8.5‑10.5 GHz
�4���� Comparison of meteorological
radars to other radars
������� 4.1���� Specificities with
regards to protection criteria
������� 4.2���� Specificities with
regards to emission schemes and scanning strategies
������� 4.3���� Specificities related
to noise calibration
�5���� Operational modes for
meteorological radar
������� 5.1���� Clear air mode
������� 5.2���� Precipitation mode
�6���� Meteorological radar data
products
������� 6.1���� Conventional
meteorological radar base data products
���������� �������6.1.1���� Base reflectivity
����������������� 6.1.2���� Mean
radial velocity
����������������� 6.1.3���� Spectrum
width
������� 6.2���� Dual polarization
meteorological radar products
����������������� 6.2.1���� Differential
reflectivity
���������� �������6.2.2���� Correlation
coefficient
����������������� 6.2.3���� Linear
depolarization ratio
����������������� 6.2.4���� Specific
differential phase
������� 6.3���� Derived data products
�7���� Antenna pattern and antenna
dynamics
������� 7.1���� Volume scan antenna
movement
������� 7.2���� Other antenna movement
strategies
������� 7.3���� Antenna patterns
�8���� Effects of interference and
solar noise on meteorological radars
������� 8.1���� Impact of interference
on modes of operation
������� 8.2���� Impact of interference
upon base products
������� 8.3���� Mathematical
derivation of meteorological radar protection criteria
������� 8.4���� Types of possible
interference
����������������� 8.4.1���� Impact of
a constant interference
����������������� 8.4.2���� Impact of
pulsed interference
����������������� 8.4.3���� Impact of
a time-varying interference
������� 8.5���� Conclusions on
meteorological radars protection criteria
�9���� Impact of wind turbines
������� 9.1���� Masking
������� 9.2���� Clutter
������� 9.3���� Backscattered energy
from turbulent eddies
������� 9.4���� Examples of wind
turbine clutter
������� 9.5���� Impact of wind turbine
clutter on meteorological radar operations and forecasting accuracy
10���� Previous tests of meteorological
radar systems
11���� Future tests
12���� Propagation models
13���� Future trends
14���� Summary
Annex 2� Characteristics of meteorological radars
�1���� Meteorological radars in the
frequency band 2 700-2 900 MHz
�2���� Meteorological radars in the
frequency range 5 250-5 725 MHz
�3���� Meteorological radars in the
frequency band 9 300-9 500 MHz