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• Information and communication technologies (ICTs) and climate change adaptation and mitigation:The case of Ghana
  • Table of contents
  • Towards a better environment: The Minister of Communications’ perspective
  • Towards a better environment: The Minister of Environment, Science and Technology s perspective
  • Towards a better environment: An EPA perspective of the role of ICT
  • Towards a better environment: An ITU perspective
  • Towards a better environment: An UNFCCC perspective
  • In troduction
  • Information and Communication Technologies (ICTs)and Climate change adaptation and mitigation:The case of Ghana
    • Acknowledg ements
    • Legal notice
    • Disclaimer
    • Ex ecutive summary
    • 1. Situating climate change in the global agenda
      • 1.1 Defining climate change
      • 1.2. Climate change adaptation: an increasing priority
      • 1.3. Climate change adaptation in the international policy domain
    • 2. Developing nations facing a ch anging climate: the case of Ghana
      • 2.1 Overview of Ghana s context
      • 2.2 Climate change impacts in Ghana
      • 2.3 Climate change adaptation in Ghana
    • 3. Integrating ICTs and Climate Change in developing countries: the case of Ghana
      • 3.1 Policy content
      • 3.2 Policy structures
      • 3.3 Policy process
    • 4. The way forward: suggested next steps
      • 4.1 A framework for ICTs and adaptation policy formulation
      • 4.2. ICT sector adaptation
    • Conclusions
    • Glossary
  • Climate Change mitigation andInformation and Communication Technologies (ICTs):The case of Ghana
    • Acknowledg ements
    • Legal Notice
    • Disclaimer
    • Ex ecutive summary
    • 1. Introduction
      • 1.1 The challenge
      • 1.2 The situation today
      • 1.3 Key stakeholders
    • 2. The sources of ICT GHG emissions in Ghana
      • 2.1 Raw material extraction phase
      • 2.2 Manufacturing phase
      • 2.3 Use (consumption) phase
      • 2.4 End of life/recycling phase
    • 3. How ICTs can help to reduce GHG emissions in other sectors
      • 3.1 Improvements in energy efficiency
      • 3.2 Mitigation in other sectors
    • 4. How to make broadband infrastructure available to all Ghanaians without adding to GHG emissions
      • 4.1 Mobile services and energy efficiency
      • 4.2 Mobile base-station generators
      • 4.3 Mobile infrastructure sharing
      • 4.4 Wireless and fibre-based broadband networks compared
      • 4.5 Next generation networks (NGNs)
      • 4.6 Utility pole sharing
      • 4.7 Fibre sharing
      • 4.8 Digital broadcasting and telecommunication networks
      • 4.9 Facility sharing to save costs: digital broadcasting and telecommunications networks
      • 4.10 A telecommunications evolution plan for Ghana
    • 5. How global ICT standards will help reduce GHG emissions in Ghana
      • 5.1 Example: EU Codes of Conduct (CoCs)
      • 5.2 Life cycle assessment
      • 5.3 Recommendation ITU-T L.1000
      • 5.4 ITU-T methodologies for assessing the environmental impact of ICT
      • 5.5 What energy efficiency metric should be used in Ghana?
    • 6. The role of policy-makers and regulators in reducing GHG emissions in Ghana
      • 6.1 Principles of regulation
      • 6.2 Regulation in developed countries
      • 6.3 Regulation in developing countries
      • 6.4 What more could be done in Ghana?
    • 7. The way forward: suggested next steps
    • Conclusions
    • Glossary
    • Annex: How GHG emissions in the IC T sect or should be reported by organizations in Ghana
      • 1 The GHG reporting hierarchy
      • 2 Categorising an organization•s GHG emissions
      • 3 The benefits to TSPs of reporting GHG emissions
      • 4 How organizations in Ghana should report GHG emissions
      • 5 Helping customers reduce their costs and emissions
      • 6 Working with the supplier chain
      • 7 Actions to reduce the GHG emissions in the ICT sector
    • Overall report conclusions
    • Notes and references